Countries With The Most Doctoral Students

Education Is Key To Economic Growth.

And tertiary education in particular, is at the heart of the innovation that we see around us. New discoveries such as MP3 and GPS technology would never have happened were it not for PhD research.

Countries are investing in their higher education systems, and more people than ever before are completing doctoral degrees. But which country has the most doctoral scholars?

The US beats the rest hands down

According to an OECD report, the US has at least twice as many PhD graduates as Germany, its nearest rival.

In 2014, 67,449 people graduated with a PhD in the US, compared with 28,147 in Germany. Next in line is the United Kingdom, which just pips India into third place with 25,020 PhD graduates. India had 24,300.

Although fifth on the list, Japan only has a quarter of the PhD graduates that the US has, with 16,039.

In sixth and seventh place, France and South Korea have 13,729 and 12,931 respectively. Spain and Italy, in eighth and ninth, have a similar number, 10,889 and 10,678 respectively.

Australia is in 10th place with 8,400. 

It’s worth bearing in mind that if we looked at the numbers per head of the population, the top of table might look rather different.

There are more new doctorates worldwide

OECD figures also show that the number of doctoral graduates has increased worldwide in the last two decades. The majority of graduates are from OECD countries.

Large emerging economies have expanded their higher education training capacities, says the report, as shown by India’s high position with 24,300 doctoral graduates.

Certain scientific fields are more popular among PhD scholars. About 40% of new doctorates awarded in the OECD area are in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and this percentage increases to 58% of all new graduates if doctorates in health are included. Doctoral programmes are particularly oriented towards natural sciences and engineering in France (59%) Canada (55%) and China (55%), according to the report.

Among other trends noted in the report were the increasing digitalization and internationalization of research, ushering in an era of a global knowledge economy.

The job market in Italy

What are your chances of getting a job?

Italy was hit hard by the international financial crisis and is still recovering. This has had an impact on certain job sectors, such as automotive engineering, finance and construction, as well as unemployment figures, particularly among the young. There are still opportunities, however,  in tourism, green technology, mechanical engineering, Electronics, Renewable Engineering, IT. Non-EU graduates will be in competition with Italian nationals. Non-EU citizens may find it difficult to obtain a job without a good knowledge of Italian.

For jobs other than English teaching, and possibly IT, a good knowledge of Italian is essential. German, French and Slovenian are also spoken in the regions of Italy that border the respective countries. Making use of any personal contacts you have and networking will also greatly improve your chances.

Where can you work?

·         Major industries: tourism, machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, fashion, clothing and footwear, ceramics, wine.

·         Major companies: Enel (power), Eni (integrated energy company), Fiat, Finmeccanica (aerospace and defence), Generali Group (insurance), Intesa Sanpaolo (banking), Luxottica Group (eyewear), Pirelli, Telecom Italia, UniCredit Group (banking).

Whats it like working in Italy?

·         Average working hours: 40 hours per week.

·         Holidays: a minimum of four weeks' annual leave, in addition to 11 national public holidays.

·         Tax rates: are progressive and range from 23% to 43%.

Applying for jobs

You don't need to be in Italy to apply for a job, as vacancies are often advertised online. However, your chances will improve if you're in the country as networking and making personal contacts are common ways of finding employment.

Applications are made using a CV and covering letter or the application form provided by the company. Speculative applications are common and should give an indication of why you would like to work for the company and what you can offer them. Your CV and all letters of application should be in Italian unless otherwise stated. You should also have your university degree and certificates translated into Italian. Online application forms are more usual with large international companies that have a presence in Italy.

The interview process can be long, taking between one to three months to complete, as there may be three or four interviews. Make sure you know how long the recruitment period will be beforehand. As in the UK, some interviews may involve psychometric or other types of testing. Be honest about the level of your Italian language skills in your application as these will be tested at interview.

The application and interview processes in Italy are similar to those used in the UK.

Vacancy sources

Job websites

·         Cambio Lavoro – job listings (in Italian).

·         Clicca Lavoro – job listings (in Italian).

·         Cliclavoro – website of the Ministry of Labour, Health and Welfare in Italy. Provides a list of job centres (centri per l’impiego), job vacancies and CV-posting service for jobseekers (in Italian).

·         EURES – European Job Mobility Portal – provides information about job vacancies, living and working conditions, and labour markets in Italy, as well as a CV-posting service for jobseekers.

·         Lavorare.net – job listings for graduates (in Italian).

·         Primolavoro – specialises in first jobs for new graduates (in Italian).

Recruitment agencies

Recruitment agencies are listed in the Pagine Gialle (Italian Yellow Pages). Use the search term: ‘lavoro interinale e temporane’.

Newspapers

·         Corriere Della Sera

·         Il Sole 24 Ore

·         La Repubblica

·         La Stampa

Other sources

·         Job centres (centri per l'impiego) can also help in your search for work. Register with a centre in the area where you're living.

·         Guidance services at universities (servizi di orientamento) are available to students studying in Italy.

·         Family businesses still make up a large portion of the businesses, particularly in smaller urban and rural areas. Personal contacts are, therefore, important – a lot of work is found by word of mouth. Be prepared to apply speculatively to companies and to network extensively. This kind of approach may work particularly well in language schools, hotels and restaurants, particularly in large cities.

·         Contacting relevant trade or professional associations is another way of finding out about opportunities.

Getting work experience

Erasmus+

Erasmus+ is the EU programme for education, training, youth and sport for 2014-2020 and covers student exchange, work experience and volunteering opportunities. Both undergraduate and postgraduate students can study abroad for 3 to 12 months. Erasmus+ also provides opportunities for work experience for students to learn new skills or languages, as well as volunteering in different countries for between 2 weeks and 12 months.

Exchange programmes

The International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience  provides students on technical degrees (primarily science, engineering, technology and the applied arts) with paid course-related training in a range of countries, including Italy. Opportunities are available to students in their second year of study or above. Although the majority of traineeships take place over the summer, longer periods are also available.

AIESEC  provides an international exchange programme for students and recent graduates. They offer voluntary and paid work placements in professional organisations, schools and charities in a range of countries, including Italy. Main areas of work are in teaching, marketing and IT. Internships last between 6 weeks and 18 months.

Teaching schemes

The British Council – Language Assistants programme provides the opportunity for UK-based students who are native-level English speakers to work in Italy as an English language assistant. You need to be  aged 30 or under, have passed two years of university-level education by the time you start your assistantship and have a minimum Italian language qualification at AS level or equivalent

If your university has a department for foreign languages or equivalent, you may be able to pick up useful advice, guides and contacts on teaching opportunities available in Italy.

Living in Italy

·         Cost of living: varies between the relatively wealthy north and the much poorer south. In cities, the cost of living is similar to the rest of Western Europe but tourist areas can be expensive.

·         Internet domain: .it

·         Currency: Euro (€)

·         Health: healthcare in Italy is of a good standard. EU citizens should obtain a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC)before travelling, which gives access to healthcare under the same conditions as nationals. Also take out comprehensive travel and medical insurance.

·         Type of government: parliamentary, democratic republic. Italy has a long history of short-lived coalition governments.

·         Laws and customs: you must be able to show some form of identification if requested by the police or judicial authorities. Crime rates are generally quite low, but there's a risk of petty theft in the major cities, particularly around rail, sea and air terminuses. In Venice and Florence you may be fined for dropping litter. It's also illegal to eat and drink or sit on steps near the main churches and public buildings in Florence. Many of the major cities have introduced a small tax on tourists.

·         Emergency numbers: 112 (single European emergency telephone number, available everywhere in the EU free of charge); 113 (police); 115 (fire brigade); and 118 (medical emergencies). British citizens can get help in an emergency from the British Embassy in Italy.

·         People: majority are Italian with German, French and Slovene Italians in the north, and Albanian and Greek Italians in the south. Also immigrants from Romania, Albania and Morocco.

·         Major religion: Christianity.

Junior Online Marketing Manager (f/m) for the Italian market

Interested?

Send us your application in pdf format, your earliest start date and your salary expectations via email to: jobs@dreamlines.com. We look forward to hearing from you!

Job Overview

KEY TASKS & RESPONSIBILITIES

• Development and implementation of a 360-degree digital marketing strategy
• Composing and adapting of editorial articles, press releases and cruise specific information
• Creation, coordinating and weekly maintenance of CRM activities
• Preparing and launching PPC campaigns and optimize the Italian SEA Account
• Management of all Social Media activities
• Communication and coordination with Italian team and internal partners (content team, IT)
• Planning and implementation of cross-channel projects
• Measure and Report marketing activities results and performances
• Developing new marketing strategies to grow our business

DESIRED SKILLS & EXPERIENCE

• You have a university degree and already gained relevant experience in online marketing, ideally in an e-commerce company
• You have first experience in the editorial area, enjoy writing and know how to approach different target groups
• Your strengths are creativity, efficiency and a cooperative personality
• You have excellent analytical skills and knowledge of excel
• You have a passion for e-commerce and you want to expand your knowledge in the online cruise market
• You speak and write Italian on a native level (mandatory requirement)

OUR OFFER

• An international and dynamic company culture in the city center of Hamburg, the Northern capital of Germany
• Responsibility from Day One in a motivated, professional team of marketing experts
• Flexible working hours, grants for HVV-ProfiCard & bAV, free drinks & fruits, cruise & shopping discounts, company sports, team & company events on a regular basis

About Company

We are the leading online portal for cruises in Germany and offer our customers over 30,000 cruises from reputable cruise companies. As an innovative e-commerce company based in Hamburg, we strive to provide the best possible independent advice and a strong service orientation to our customers, while working with our shipping partners on a basis of excellent technology. With double-digit growth rates in the cruise sector we operate in a market with outstanding development opportunities. Our goal is to become the market leader worldwide. With more than 350 employees and additional locations in the Netherlands, France, Brazil, Australia and Russia, we are currently well on our way to achieving our goal. Here at Dreamlines, we consider it important that our employees are able to work independently and responsibly. Accordingly, we encourage transparent decision-making, open communication and a flat hierarchy. Do you want to experience the success story of a growing company in the e-commerce environment at close quarters? Then apply today.

These countries have the most doctoral graduates

Education is key to economic growth.

And tertiary education in particular, is at the heart of the innovation that we see around us. New discoveries such as MP3 and GPS technology would never have happened were it not for PhD research.

Countries are investing in their higher education systems, and more people than ever before are completing doctoral degrees. But which country has the most doctoral scholars?

The US beats the rest hands down

According to an OECD report, the US has at least twice as many PhD graduates as Germany, its nearest rival.

In 2014, 67,449 people graduated with a PhD in the US, compared with 28,147 in Germany. Next in line is the United Kingdom, which just pips India into third place with 25,020 PhD graduates. India had 24,300.

Although fifth on the list, Japan only has a quarter of the PhD graduates that the US has, with 16,039.

In sixth and seventh place, France and South Korea have 13,729 and 12,931 respectively. Spain and Italy, in eighth and ninth, have a similar number, 10,889 and 10,678 respectively.

Australia is in 10th place with 8,400. 

It’s worth bearing in mind that if we looked at the numbers per head of the population, the top of table might look rather different.

There are more new doctorates worldwide

OECD figures also show that the number of doctoral graduates has increased worldwide in the last two decades. The majority of graduates are from OECD countries.

Large emerging economies have expanded their higher education training capacities, says the report, as shown by India’s high position with 24,300 doctoral graduates.

Certain scientific fields are more popular among PhD scholars. About 40% of new doctorates awarded in the OECD area are in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and this percentage increases to 58% of all new graduates if doctorates in health are included. Doctoral programmes are particularly oriented towards natural sciences and engineering in France (59%) Canada (55%) and China (55%), according to the report.

Among other trends noted in the report were the increasing digitalization and internationalization of research, ushering in an era of a global knowledge economy.

Italian Machine Tools and Technologies for the Indian Aerospace industry

Italian Machine Tools and Technologies for the Indian Aerospace industry - Round Table and b2b meetings in Bangalore. Project in collaboration with UCIMU-Sistemi per Produrre at Imtex 2017

EC residence permit for long-term residents

Since 8 January 2007, the permanent residence card ("carta di soggiorno") has been replaced by the EC residence permit for long-term residents.

The new permit is permanent. You are entitled to apply for it only if you have been legally and continuously resident in Italy for five years. You can present your application either at the Post Office ("Uffici postali") or at thedesignated Municipal office  ("Comune") or at other authorized offices  ("Patronati"): in the last two cases you do not need to use the postal "application kit".

Your application must include:

·         a copy of your valid passport or equivalent travel document;

·         a copy of your income tax statement bearing evidence that you have a minimum income higher than the social allowance ("assegno sociale"). For domestic workers and caregivers: INPS (National Social Welfare Institution) payment receipts or INPS itemized statements;

·         criminal records and pending charges;

·         evidence of appropriate accommodation, if the application being submitted includes family members;

·         copies of pay slips for the current year;

·         residence and family certification;

·         postal receipt for payment of the electronic residence permit (€27.50);

·         a €14.62 electronic revenue stamp.

The cost of the recorded delivery is €30.

EC residence permit should not be issued to those who are considered a threat to public order and State security.

The application can be submitted also for:

·         the spouse if not legally separated or under 18 years of age;

·         minor children, including children of the spouse or children born out of the wedlock;

·         dependent children over 18 who are not self- supporting due to their health conditions resulting in permanent inability to earn their living;

·         dependent parents.

In order to obtain long-term resident status for your family members, your application must also include the following additional documents:

·         Evidence that your annual income support is sufficient to maintain yourself and all the members of your family. If you apply for two or more children aged under 14, our annual income must be twice the annual amount of the social allowance ("assegno sociale").

·         Certificates attesting your family relationship. All foreign documents must be translated into Italian, legalized and certified by the competent Italian Consulate in the country of origin or residence of your family member or members.

EC long-term residence permit entitles you to:

·         enter Italy without a visa;

·         work;

·         enjoy social benefits and social services supplied by the Italian government;

·         participate in local public life.

If you hold an EC long-term residence permit issued by another member State, you are entitled to reside in Italy for a period exceeding 3 months on the following grounds:

·         regular employment or self-employment;

·         attendance of courses of study or vocational training;

·         residence, provided that you prove to have stable and sufficient funds (your income must be over twice the minimum wage exempted from national health care contributions) and that you are covered by a private health insurance for the duration of your stay in Italy. In this case, you obtain a residence permit valid for Italy, renewable on expiration (circular letter of 16 Feb. 2010), while your family members obtain a residence permit for family purposes.

Exclusions and refusals

You cannot apply for an EC long-term residence permit on the following grounds:

·         study or vocational training and scientific research;

·         temporary protection or other humanitarian grounds;

·         asylum or when awaiting a decision for recognition as a refugee;

·         if you are a holder of a short-term residence permit;

·         if you hold a diplomatic, official and service passport, or hold laissez-passer issued by international organizations of a universal character.

Your EC long-term residence permit may be revoked in the following cases:

·         You have acquired it fraudulently.

·         An expulsion measure has been adopted against you.

·         You no longer fulfil the requirements set for its issue.

·         You have been absent from the territory of the European Union for a period of 12 consecutive months.

·         You have acquired long-term resident status in another European Union member State

·         You have been absent from Italy for a period exceeding 6 years.